Why is user authentication critical in managing firewalls?

User authentication is essential in managing firewalls primarily because it ensures that only authorized users can configure and make changes to the firewall settings. This capability is crucial for maintaining security because firewalls serve as a barrier between trusted internal networks and untrusted external networks. If unauthorized individuals gain access to firewall configurations, they could potentially weaken the security posture of the entire network by modifying rules, disabling protections, or introducing vulnerabilities.

By requiring authentication, organizations can establish control over who has the authority to manage and configure the firewall, thereby protecting against both external threats and insider risks. This process ensures that administrators are accountable for any changes made, which is a key aspect of effective security management.