Which of the following is an architecture-based approach to enhance network security?

Network segmentation is an architecture-based approach to enhance network security by dividing a larger network into smaller, isolated segments or sub-networks. This method creates barriers that limit the ability of an attacker to move laterally through the network if they gain access to one segment. By controlling and filtering the traffic between these segments, organizations can implement more stringent security policies tailored to the specific needs and risks associated with each part of the network.

For instance, sensitive data might be stored in one segment that has stricter access controls and monitoring, while a segment used for guest internet access could have minimal restrictions. This architecture allows for a more granular approach to security, enabling better detection of threats and more effective responses. Moreover, segmentation can help in complying with regulatory requirements by isolating data that is subject to specific regulations.

The other options, while valuable in their own right, do not primarily focus on altering the underlying architecture of the network itself. Identity allocation relates more to user management, Advance URL Filtering is focused on content filtering based on web access, and DNS sinkholing helps mitigate threats by rerouting malicious DNS requests rather than structuring the network architecture for security.