What does segmentation mean in the context of firewalls?

In the context of firewalls, segmentation refers to dividing a network into smaller, manageable sections. This practice enhances security by limiting the potential attack surface and controlling traffic flow between different segments. Each segment can have its own set of security policies and rules tailored to the specific needs or sensitivity of the data contained within it. By implementing segmentation, organizations can contain breaches more effectively, restrict lateral movement of threats, and reduce the impact of any potential security incidents.

This approach allows for better control over sensitive information, improves performance by reducing congestion, and enhances overall network management. By ensuring that breaches are contained within a specific segment, organizations can protect critical assets and maintain compliance with regulatory requirements. Segmenting the network helps in creating isolation between various departments or functions, ensuring that access is granted based on the principle of least privilege.